Women in the Odyssey - 1646 Words

Women form an important part of each society, however their role and importance to its function are often times overlooked. Society is/was organized and directed by men. All of the most important positions and purposes within it`s routine were filled by males. This societal organization is often times reflected in many pieces of literature of various time periods, however there are texts in which contrary to the patriarchal society models, women are given substantial importance within the plot. Homer`s The Odyssey, Heart of Darnkness by Joseph Conrad and Aeschylus`s Oresteia each demonstrate or conceal female importance in a given society. The Odyssey was written in a time when men played the dominant role. In ancient Greece, women†¦show more content†¦Athena, once again, is shown as having power over men and mortals, the citizens feel sheltered under Athene`s wings (3.1000-02) she brings justice and leads the tragic trilogy to a conclusion , just as she helps conclude Odys seus` nostos to Ithaca. Clytaemestra, whose infidelity and Agamemnon`s murder create a domino effect, which in turn brings a reign of chaos and killing begins as conspiracies and family secrets are reveled. Clytaemestra can be viewed as the unethical, evil character, nevertheless, her independed will and ability to murder, translate into strength and intellect. Clytaemestra drives the plot into the complicated which forms the majority of the tragedy itself. In contrast with The Odyssey and Oresteia, a much more recent work, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad, women serve as supplements to men`s actions and they are passive characters at mercy of the leading males. Females in Heart of Darkness can be similarly divided into three categories parallel to The Odyssey, yet with major differences. Marlow`s aunt a dear enthusiastic soul...ready to do anything, anything for [Marlow] (pg.72) could be identified as the goddess who is willing to help in any way possible, she is the higher cl ass white civilized woman who lives in a surreal world, nonertheless she does not possess any power of Marlow like Athena does over men of The Odyssey. Kurtz`s native mistress is the seductress/whore. Instead of seducing Kurtz however, she is seduced byShow MoreRelatedThe Odyssey : The Role Of Women In Homers Odyssey966 Words   |  4 Pagesinteractions. The Odyssey portrays what is right or wrong in relationships between god and mortal, father and son, and man and woman. In the epic poem, the role of women is a vital demonstration of Ancient Greece. The women in the epic are unique in their personality, motives, and relationships towards men. In Homers, The Odyssey, all women are different, but all of them help to represent the role of the ideal woman. Homers epic describes the world of women in Ancient Greece, a time where women were seenRead MoreThe Odyssey And Trojan Women1684 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween them Greek poet Homer and tragedian playwright Euripides explore many of the same themes in their works the Odyssey and Trojan Women (written by each respectively). Both works are inspired by the events of 12th Century BCE Trojan War that Homer previously explored in the Iliad. The two examine the worth of cunning over brute strength, the dangers of temptation and the role of women in their respective time periods. Despite having extremely similar central ideas, the techniques employed by eachRead MoreThe Force of Women in The Odyssey632 Words   |  3 PagesThe Force of Women in The Odyssey To the average person, The Odyssey is a Greek tale about a man, Odysseus, just trying to find his way home. However, it is much more than an entertaining tale of a man, gods, and monsters. It serves as a cultural exemplar of different kinds of people, roles, and relationships of ancient Greece, including the role of women. In The Odyssey, women are often portrayed as suasive and strong people, prime examples being Athena, Arete, and Penelope. Athena, the goddessRead MoreEssay on Women in The Odyssey702 Words   |  3 PagesWomen in The Odyssey In The Odyssey the main character, Odysseus, meets and entertains an impressive array of women. All of the women that he meets are very different and have different personalities and Homer clearly states his attitude towards each of the women. Some of the women are seen as essentially good or essentially bad. It is also clear that Homer adopts a sexist attitude towards the women in his novel. In The Odyssey women are generally portrayed as manipulative and deceitfulRead MoreWomen Of The Odyssey And Lysistrata Essay1328 Words   |  6 Pagesthe beginning of time, women have always been looked down upon mentally. During the time period of The Odyssey and Lysistrata, women were known as less powerful gender. They have never had much say about what goes on around them. Some women were recognized as a sex symbol. In The Odyssey, some women were goddesses that just wanted sex and other women had to stay at home to help raise their kids and do all of the feminine work. Compared to The Odyssey, in Lysistrata, women denied sex against theirRead More Women of the Odyssey Essays1488 Words   |  6 Pages The Women of the Odyssey   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people regard Homer’s epics as war stories—stories about men; those people often overlook the important roles that women play in the Odyssey. While there are not many female characters in the Odyssey, the few that there are, play pivotal roles in the story and one can gain a lot of insight by analyzing how those women are portrayed. Homer portrays the females in contradictory ways: the characters of Athena and Eurykleia are given strong, admirable roles whileRead MoreRole of Women in the Odyssey1201 Words   |  5 PagesThe Role of Women in The Odyssey The Odyssey, by Homer, is an epic poem based on the story of an ancient Greek hero, Odysseus, and his twenty year journey—ten years spent fighting in the Trojan War and the other ten spent traveling home. In the poem, Homer presents the theme of the role and nature of women. Men were the dominant gender in ancient Greece, and women, who were inferior, were only valued for their beauty and their ability to reproduce. However, in this poem, Homer both exemplifiesRead MoreThe Women in The Odyssey Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesWhen reading the epic poem The Odyssey by Homer, modern readers are confronted by a world quite different to their own. The society of the Homeric Greeks was a strong one, with well-defined roles for all members of it. The differences that existed between men and women are quite extreme when first observed at face value: the men went off to war to face the world; the women stayed at home to remain cloistered and protected. While Men and Womens lives take v ery different paths through the story, thereRead MoreWomen in the Illiad and the Odyssey1331 Words   |  6 PagesENG 2423 8A March 21, 2013 Roles of Women in The Iliad and The Odyssey Homer wrote two epic poems, The Iliad and The Odyssey. The Iliad is a tragedy that tells about the battles of the Trojan War. The Odyssey is somewhat of a sequel, the story of Odysseus s travels home after the Trojan War. An article found in â€Å"The American Scholar† states, â€Å" One might begin by asking what both epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey, would be like if there were no women in them. The Trojan war would not haveRead MoreThe Archetype Of Women In The Odyssey775 Words   |  4 Pages In the epic poem The Odyssey, Homer gives women a secondary role to men in a patriarchal society and characterizes women by a double standard. For Instance, Calypso is the archetype for the cunning seductress. Another example is Circe who is also an archetype for a seductress. The last woman is Penelope, the archetype for the loyal wife. These three women are defined by their roles to men. Calypso is portrayed as the archetype for the cunning seductress. When Hermes is sent to tell Calypso to let

The Problem Of Prison Facilities Essay - 1362 Words

It is a well know issue in America that our prisons are overcrowding. In 2010 it was estimated that our country s prison facilities were 25% over capacity. This included 19 states with prisons that were found overpopulated. The dilemma has numerous negative impacts. Some results in overpopulating consists of unhealthy living situations that do not meet the basic living needs of inmates, an increase in recidivism rates and an increase in taxes. At Touro University, Michael Ruderman, a doctoral student in medicine and public health, conducted a study that proved overcrowding can expose prison inmates to additional psychosocial stress and poor addiction treatment. These can are some of the leading causes in making people more prone to impulsive behavior, aggression, and drug use. It can take months for an inmate to receive medical attention once imprisoned, which can cause lack of needs to medication. Michael Ruderman, the Touro University doctoral student in medicine and public health who conducted the study, explained the findings by saying that overcrowding might expose prison inmates to added â€Å"psychosocial stress† and poor addiction treatment, both of which are known to make people more prone to impulsive behavior, aggression, and drug use. His study proved that, statistically, inmates released from overcrowded prisons failed to follow the restrictions and demands of probation and parole. With more and more inmates imprisoned each year, American citizens have to put moreShow MoreRelatedPrivate Prisons1166 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: PRISON PRIVATIZATION 1 An Assessment of Prison Privatization Sharon Baumann-Heller ORG 8575 Michael Mills August 12, 2012 PRISON PRIVATIZATION 2 Abstract Over-crowding in our federal, state, and local prisons, along with a depressed economy, has resulted in a trend toward privatization of these facilities. This paper examines the core issues surrounding private prisons in the areas of cost-effectiveness, recidivismRead MoreEssay about Correctional System1469 Words   |  6 PagesThe U.S. correctional system has come under critical public scrutiny which has corrections administrators scrambling to find ways to run effective correctional facilities. The reality of corrections administration today is that it is changing. Major issues of this changing environment include ongoing budget concerns, privatization, technology, overcrowding, program issues, personnel management, security issues, and legal issues. This paper examines these current issues facing correctional administratorsRead MoreCorrections Trend Evaluation Essay1338 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the United States, there are many correctional facilities that house thousands of inmates. Individuals who work within these facilities have a tough job in maintaining the prison facility and the inmates. Correctional officers are called the front line workers and are responsible for looking after the inmates. The officers who work for the correctional facility deal with issues that may arise inside and outside of the facility. The subject to discuss is to evaluate the past, present, andRead MorePrivate Prisons Vs. Federal Prisons1175 Words   |  5 PagesPrivate prisons are supposedly more cost effective than state or federal prisons. Or that is what their representatives say. But regardless of whether they save money or not, are they truly beneficial for our communities? This article hopes to break down some of the myths these private prison corporations have used to push their agenda and discuss how that is far from the case. By doing so, the reader can form his/her own conclusions on how pervasive and detrimental private prisons have become withinRead Mo reAmerican Prison System Essay945 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican Prison Systems Introduction In many countries national prisons are operated and supplemented by provinces and state counterparts. Prisoners are held in prisons and jails throughout the country and globally convicted of various crimes and offenses. The nature of the offense determines where the prisoner is held and the lengths of times. There are institutions that vary in level of security in both the state and federal prison system. However, the majority of prisoners areRead MoreMental Depression And Mental Illness1350 Words   |  6 Pageswas estimated to be 705,600 mentally ill inmates in state prisons, 78,000 in federal prisons and 47,900 in local jails (NIC). Most inmates suffer from social anxiety disorders or depression. There are three times more people in prisons with mental health problems than in actual hospitals (News). However, this is a problem for various reasons, two being that prisons cannot afford the proper medications and treatment as well as that prisons are not well enough equipp ed to handle these issues. ConvictsRead MoreThe Growing Inmate Population And Its Effects On The Prison System1099 Words   |  5 PagesIts Effects on the Prison System Frankie Lorino Jr. University of Troy â€Æ' Abstract The purpose of this paper is to look at the prevalence of overcrowding in the United States prison system, what led to its current conditions, and how it effects the its fundamental function. The explanation of growth is suggested by Davey 1998 and Anderson 2000. Jacobson, 2005 outlines some of the affairs leading to the change in prison functions. The dire state of conditions in prison facilities is exemplified by McConvilleRead MorePrivate Prisons : Are They The Criminal Justice Systems? Savior Or Destroyer?1615 Words   |  7 PagesPrivate Prisons: Are They the Criminal Justice Systems’ Savior or Destroyer? As of 2005, there are over 107 privately operated secure facilities contracting to hold adult criminal offenders in the United States (Seiter, p. 164) According to Richard P. Seiter (2011), â€Å"A private correctional facility is any correctional facility operated by a nongovernmental agency and usually in a for-profit manner that contracts with a governmental entity to provide security, housing, and programs for offenders†Read MorePrivatization of American Prisons1661 Words   |  7 Pagesrunning prisons out of the hands of state and federal authorities and contracting it out to private organizations. Along with the drift to privatization is a plethora of research pertaining to the subject taking many different approaches to analyzing the effectiveness. The majority of research focuses on one of three areas. The first questioning whether or not it is cost effective to make the switch. The second being the ethical problems that can and have risen from the privatization of p risons. TheRead MoreFederal Prisons Systems1009 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Traditionally, state-controlled prisons have been taken to be more dangerous as compared to federal prison system because they always house more dangerous criminals. Some of the states like New York tend to have their inmates spend most of their time during their sentence in maximum security prisons; however, federal prisons apply lower level security prisons for longer duration of incarceration (recently). While state prison systems is meant to house criminal like rapists, murder

Technology and Organizational Structure Free Essays

Technology and Organizational Structure Wanda Armour University of Phoenix Technology and Organizational Structure This paper represents the research on how technology interacts with organizational structure. Two companies will be identified to compare and contrast their organizational structures. A matrix will be included to summarize the findings. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and Organizational Structure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Introduction Organizational structure in today’s complex multi-dimensional organizations is the connection that holds the infrastructure together to achieve the organizations goals. It is the patterns or arrangement of groups of jobs within an organization. It is also a process that requires organizational re-structuring as the company grows. Historically industry has shifted from the job-shop manufacturing to mass production, with innovative pioneers such as Frederick Taylor, Henri Fayol, and Max Weber ((Dristelzweig Droege, n. d. ). These early pioneers were very different thinkers in terms of their principles to determine how to structure organizations for maximum productivity. However, they all had a common view that it was like a machine and that power was in the position, not in the individual holding the position; clearly a vertical bureaucratic structural hierarchy ((Dristelzweig Droege, n. d. ). This ‘one best way’ mindset gradually disappeared as concerns that the traditional organizational structure may hinder, rather than help promote creativity and innovation (Dristelzweig Droege, n. d. ). Today, pressures in U. S. business structures to compete globally calls for a variety of organization structures. There is no ‘one fit all’ organizational structure that has proven effective in contributing to business success. Organizations operate in different environments with different opportunities, products, tasks, risks, strategies, constraints, strengths and weakness, and different organizational structures to meet those challenges (Reference for Business, n. d. ). There are two types of organizational structures found in business environments; centralized and decentralized. Centralized organizational structures rely on one individual to make decisions and provide direction or the company; decentralized organizations rely on a team environment at different levels of the business (Vitez, n. d. ). Organizational Structure Overview of Two Company’s Two very successful companies have been identified with different organizational structures; Toyota Motor Corporation and The Watson’s Creative Company. These two companies are on the opposite end of the spectrum in ter ms of organizational structure. Toyota, a Japanese, multinational corporation, has a centralized matrix organizational structure (the combination of two or more different structures-organic/mechanistic) with a bureaucratic infrastructure. The Watson’s Creative Company, a New York based adverting agency, has a small-decentralized organic organizational structure (organizations that are flexible and effectively adapt to change) (Dorf Byers, 2008). Toyota is considered by some as the world’s largest maker of automobiles, trucks, buses, and robots. Toyota has factories all around the world, that manufacture and assemble vehicles for local markets (Taneja, Pryer, Sewell, 2012). Toyota has an interesting blend of mechanistic, organic and bureaucracy in a centralized organizational structure, which allows them to accommodate their versatile product line. This structure develops a workforce who believes in the company’s products, image, and vision; along with placing a high value on the welfare of its employees (Taneja et al. , 2012). A recent SWOT analysis shows that intense competition could pose a threat resulting in lower price pressures. A recent massive product recall (10 million worldwide) which could hurt the company’s brand image and sales ((Toyota, 2012). Toyota is a company that has a reputation for reliability; the challenge now is rebuilding the emotional ties of customers. A bureaucratic organizational structure could be the flaw as hindered information sharing, miscommunication; along with delayed response time to quality and safety issues have been sighted as the root cause of the recall (Taneja et al. , 2012). One of the disadvantages to a matrix organizational structure is keeping communication channels clear so that potential conflicts do not arise and hinder organizational functioning (Reference for Business, n. d. ). As corporations become worldwide the process of restructuring is inevitable, as they must respond to challenges on a global level. The foundation of Toyota is respect of its people and continuous improvement through the ‘Toyota Way’ which is summarized by five keywords; â€Å"Challenge,† â€Å"Kaizen,† â€Å"Genchi Genbutsu,† â€Å"Respect† and â€Å"Teamwork† (â€Å"The Toyota Way,† n. d). The Watson’s a Creative Company, is an ad agency. They have a decentralized organic organizational structure that is simple and low in formalization. All parts of the organization need each other as an interdependence relationship improves functioning. As an organic organization they need to stay flexible in dealing with customers and in creating concepts for television commercials and print advertisement (Field, n. d. ). I recently visited the Watson’s ad agency and I found a confortable informal environment with a small staff and their dogs. It seemed quite remarkable that a company with such clients as ‘Whole Foods’, ‘Metropolitan Home Magazine’ and many others could work as a community. However it is in line with their mission statement of building lasting relationships between great companies and the audiences they benefit (â€Å"The Watson’s,† n. . ). Their core competency is in their knowledge management and creativity. An organic organization such as The Watson’s is a knowledge-based organization. Tacit knowledge is exchanged through interaction with other knowledge workers. This interaction facilitates the development of a knowledge culture within the organization, supp orting decision making of various knowledge workers through collaboration (Hosnavi Ramezan, 2011). How Structure Affects the use of Technology and Technology Decisions Technology plays a crucial role in today’s organizational structure. Toyota understood that the traditional understanding of centralization in organizational structure would fail to capture its vision of technological development, and value in the employee in the face of new challenges and demands. Toyota adopted a matrix organizational structure to facilitate technology decisions ((Hosnavi Ramezan, 2011). The Watson’s on the other hand believe that technology decisions are based the decentralization of power and control and a higher level of informality and a organic organizational structure was the best fit for their company. Toyota’s superior technology was not enough in light of the recent recalls. As a result they had to reduce their organizational structure, which is no easy task. My observation is that Toyota could have closed a blind eye but instead decided to restructure and fix the problem without deviating from their core competency and mission. The Watson’s interaction with technology is equally exciting as visual displays of artistic genius are created and displayed through a variety of avenues. Technology gives expression to the endless possibilities of the mind and allows them to make decisions based on whatever idea they can dream of. Working on something they believe in helps them to focus on the effectiveness of their products and services. TECHNOLOGY AND ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE| Inquiry| Toyota Motor Corporation| The Watson’s a Creative Company| Organizational Structure| Centralized Matrix Organizational Structure| Decentralized Organic Organizational Structure| Environment| Stable, highly efficient and orderly. | Constant change, simple, low formalization. | Control| Hierarchic| Network community. | Internal Communication| Vertical, between superior and subordinates. Lateral between people. | Core Competency| Lean Manufacturing Tools, Supply Chain Management, Product Development Technology, Branding| Creative Advertising /Knowledge worker| Core Technology| Conventional and Hybrid Vehicles, Hybrid Systems, Safety and Environmental Technologies. | Web based advertising systems, HTML, XML, SVG and Flash, Communications protocols, Video and audio technology. | Enabling Technologies| Toyota Technology Institu te, Toyota InfoTechnology Center, Home Living Assistant Robotics, Personal Mobility. RD product portfolio. iAd mobile app, Ad tracking, Banner Ads, Rich Media Ads, Tradeshows, Commercial Emails, Poster Ads, Social Media| Organizational Members| Task Oriented| People Oriented| Control-Stability and predictability. | High| Low| Flexibility-Quick response to changing conditions| High| High| Knowledge Management| Reinforcement of hierarchy| Anywhere in the company| Technology Interaction with Organizational Structure Based on these comparisons I believe that the interaction of technology must be accompanied with the right fit of the organizations structure to achieve sustainability. Toyota works on a technological scale far beyond that of the Watson’s. It uses manufacturing technology that is the cutting edge of science (Taneja et al. , 2012). It is doing an amazing work with its robotic technology that will help the handicapped, as well as the individual. Taneia et al. , (2012 believes that Toyota’s research and development accomplishments are making groundbreaking strides in the area of defense against energy starvation. The Watson’s Creative Company is using the Internet to extend their market reach far beyond what was once thought possible through conventional channels. According to Behboudi, Hanzaee, Koshksaray, Khirkhani Tabar, Taheri (2012), â€Å"Creative advertising can provide a competitive edge for a brand, add to its value, and give it an advantage over its rivals in terms of more positive market response†(p. 140). The Watson’s advertising agency has achieved sustainability with their creative and innovative ads through the technology of the Internet. In comparison mechanistic and organic organizational structures are like two musicians, one who plays’ by ear and the other who has to read music; both however deliver a beautiful arrangement of music. Toyota is continuously focused on increasing its technological capabilities, while The Watson’s are continuously looking for more ways to use technology to create ads that are an experience for the consumer. Both are making contributions that will add value to organizational learning, and technological capabilities. References Behboudi, M. , Hanzaee, K. , Koshksaray, A. , Khirkhani Tabar, M. , Taheri, Z. (2012). A Review of the Activities of Advertsing Agencies in Online World []. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 4(1), 138-149. Retrieved from Ebscohost Dorf, R. C. , Byers, T. H. (2008). Technology Ventures (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Dristelzweig, H. , Droege, S. B. (n. d. ). Organizational Structure. Retrieved from http://law-journals-books. vlex. com/vid/organizational-structure-51758780 Field, R. (n. d. ). Organizational Effectiveness, Structure and Technology. Retrieved from http://apps. business. ualberta. ca/rfield/Organizational%20Effectiveness,%20Structure,%20and%20Technology. h Hosnavi, R. , Ramezan, M. (2011). Intellectual Capital and Organizational Organic Structure How are these How to cite Technology and Organizational Structure, Essay examples

Role of Philosophy in Project Management Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Role of Philosophy in Project Management. Answer: Introduction: Construction projects require technical experts and experienced project managers who can handle unique challenges in the project. They have to adopt a proactive approach to enhance the value of the project and activities associated with it (Konstantinou and Mller, 2016). Similarly, they have to take into account the risks and constraints in construction. There are three measures of success of a construction project. It includes time, budget and quality standards. But it has been found that many projects extend their budgets and time schedules. This can be due to poor communication, change in scope and difficulties with controls. Apart from this, there are many external factors which have to be considered during the process such as regulations, weather, geology, environment and interest of stakeholders. This essay has been based on PRINCE2 methodology of project management. This method allows project managers to integrate different systems and they can adapt to the changing demands of the project. Apart from this, they get series of actions which influences the success of the project in a positive way. PRINCE2 methodology has been applied for the construction of Quota Park pathway in Queensland, Australia. The phases and justification of the PRINCE2 method in Quota Park pathway construction has been included in the report. Projects In controlled Environment (PRINCE2) provide an organized and logical based method to complete the task (Martens and Carvalho, 2016). It is a process driven method which helps in effective construction project management. Contraction projects include many people such as suppliers, contractors, customers, clients, employees and stakeholders. PRINCE2 can be very useful for projects manager and sponsors because it uses a common language which can be communicated easily. It helps in stakeholder management and collaboration. Apart from this, this methodology can be applied to any contractual framework. It clear defines the responsibilities and roles of different people associated with the project (Alotaibi and Mafimisebi, 2016). Quality management and planning is done in advance so as to avoid any hurdles during the process. Team members make sure that quality standard is maintained and this is done by testing and reviewing at regular intervals. PRINCE2 can be beneficial for the c onstruction project of Quota shared pathways. It will make sure that the project delivers quality results in the given time and budget (Verzuh, 2015). The project manager can use this systematic approach to gather information during the project which will allow him to accomplish all the objectives. The series of process in PRINCE2 includes organizing, planning, controlling and reviewing. In the present case study, a pathway has to be constructed in Quota Shared Park which is located in Mackay, Queensland. There will be separate pathways for bikers and other visitors. This project has been authenticated by the Mackay Regional Council who wants to connect the pathway to the facilities, centers for recreation and offices. The pathway will link the facilities with each other which will be beneficial for the visitors (Banihashemi, Hosseini and Sankaran, 2017). This project will require different equipments, materiel, laborers and support system. Apart from this, the management has certain requirements which have to be taken care of before formulation of plans and outlines. Project manager has to ensure high quality and should complete all the activities as per the schedule and cost. Construction projects involve complexities which can affect the performances of the project. Team members have to make sure that they follow their plans so as to avoid any difficulties. But many project managers fail to take into consideration all the essentials details for the project. PRINCE2 methodology allows them to effective manage the operations and processes (Richard, Sorooshian and Shariman, 2016). It helps in the development of an implementation and execution plan which contributes to the success of the construction project. The main benefit of this method is that it can be modified according to the requirements of the organisation. It is based on principles which include justification of business, learning with experience, defining the roles, stages and process management process, exception management, product delivery and altering the project environment (Chari and Agrawal, 2017). On the other hand, the main themes of PRINCE2 methodology consists of business, organisation , planning, quality control, risk assessment, change management and progress monitoring. It helps in reducing the impact of decision making, unpredictability, staff movement, employees and stakeholder management. It allows the project manager to create a layout along with a model for the pathway construction project (Sears, Sears and Segner, 2015). There are seven processes of PRINCE2 methodology of management which have been given below: Project briefing and starting: In this stage, project manager appoints team members and produces a project brief. Similarly, this stage can allow the manager to decide the approach for the development of Quota Shares Park pathway and bikeways. He can decide about the initiation stage with the help of team members (Drouin, Sankaran and Muller, 2016). The main activities which are included are Creation of board, appointment of project manager and team members, formation of project briefs, deciding the approach and understanding the project from previous experiences. It will allow project manager and sponsors to take care of the requirements and nerds of Mackay Regional Council in the construction of the Quota Shares Park pathway. Initiation stage: This stage helps in the development of startup procedures and it consists of many important activities (Papke-Shields and Boyer-Wright, 2017). It includes planning, creation of quality standards, analysis risks and cases, devolvement of project controls and documentation. Project manager can create documents which will be required during the project. It will include controls, quality methods and overall plan. It has to be approved by the senior managers and other stakeholders. Quota Shares Park pathway requires certain deliverables which can be documented so that the workers and team members can work on it (Rahmanian, 2014). These documents can be very useful in understanding the progress of the construction project. Directing: The board of the project has to approve the documentation and plan created in the initiation stage. The stage involves project sponsors and executives who suggest changes and creates exception plans (Glaiel, Moulton and Madnick, 2014). These plans can be useful in any unforeseen events occurring during the project. It is important for the project manager to take care of the outcome of the project rather than following the plan blindly. The Board also gives direction to the entire project including ad hoc and project closure. This stage of PRINCE2 will allow Quota Shares Park pathway to use a systematic approach and it will increase the chances of project success. This stage defines all the risks and hurdles that may arise during the project. The plans are created to handle such issues without delaying the project (Nelson and Morris, 2014). Controlling: PRINCE2 methodology believes in breaking down activities into smaller tasks. The project manager of Quota Shares Park pathway has to create small tasks and decision has to be taken to control each one of them (Gollenia, 2016). The monitoring process as well as reporting procedures is decided at this stage. Monitoring and reporting is essential because it allows the managers to compare the actual progress with the plans and outlines created in the initiation stage. Corrective measures are taken by the project measures to avoid any deviation from the plan. PRINCE2 is suitable for the pathway construction because Mackay Regional Council has many requirements which have to deliver by the project. Product delivery: The main activities involved in this ate of PRINCE2 methodology is accepting the work packages, executing and delivering them effectively (Guth and Marsh, 2016). The management of deliverables is taken care of in this stage of the model. It ensures that the work is allocated to tem members who understand it. There should be proper communication between project managers, team, suppliers and workers. They have to understand their roles and work according to the plans (Martens and Carvalho, 2016). Apart from this, they should have details about Quota Shares Park pathway and its deliverables, time frame, schedules and budget. Management of stage boundaries: This stage of PRINCE2 decides the decision which has to be taken at the end of the stage. This stage pays an important role in deciding the processes which has surpassed the tolerance level of the project (Heagney, 2016). The key activities which are included in this stage are preparation of risk register, change management, updating the plans and business case, creation of exception plan and setting reporting authorities. PRINCE2 model reduces risks and allows the project to change its scope so as to focus on the outcome of the project. The performance of Quota Shares Park pathway construction will improve with the help of this process of the methodology. Closure: The closure stage covers all the activities such as decommissioning, preparation of follow up actions, review plans and project evaluation. It analyzes the benefits of the project including the resources and materials (Banihashemi, Hosseini and Sankaran, 2017). PRINCE2 method allows project managers to integrate different systems and activities together. They can adapt to the changing demands of the project which ensures the timely completion of all the activities as per the schedule. It will help in effective management and collaboration of tasks and systems in Quota Shares Park pathway construction project. Justification of PRINCE2 methodology PRINCE2 method is suitable for Quota Shares Park pathway construction project. It allows the project manager to adapt to the changing demands of the environment. There are many unpredictable events which can occur during the process. It not only affects the quality of the project but it causes unwanted delays (Richard, Sorooshian and Shariman, 2016). PRINCE2 methodology allows the manager to take into consideration all the risks and hurdles which may occur. He can change the scope and updates the plan so as to complete the project in the desired time. This method provides flexibility which is essential in construction projects because they are large and complex in nature. Many projects extend their budgets and time schedules. This can be due to poor communication, change in scope or controls issues (Konstantinou and Mller, 2016). PRINCE2 method will eliminate all these issues from the Quota Shares Park pathway construction project. They will be able to complete all the in the stipula te time and cost. Furthermore, it will guide the team and they will be able to track their performance. The tasks are divided into smaller groups which makes it possible for the manager to establish effective control. The review and measurement plans allow him to track any deviation and establish corrective controls to remove the defects. PRINCE2 methodology contributes in effective management of operations and different processes. It helps in the development of an implementation and development plan which improves the success of the construction project (Drouin, Sankaran and Muller, 2016). Quota Shares Park pathway construction project has to adopt the processes of the PRINCE2 model which includes project briefing, initiating the project, directing plan, controlling, managing all the deliverables, stage boundary and execution of the project. PRINCE2 is beneficial for the construction project because it uses systematic approach. It will make sure that the project commencing ensuring quality results in the stipulated time and budget (Glaiel, Moulton and Madnick, 2014). The project manager can use this method to ensure effective management. Conclusion Project management methodologies provide a systematic sequential process for achieving the objectives of the construction project. It helps the team and project manager to gain understanding of all the related activities in the process. It not only improves the performance but it also ensures high quality during the project. Quota park construction of pathways and bikeways involves different activities, laborers, devices and equipments. PRINCE 2 methodologies can help the manager to coordinate all these activities to accomplish the objectives. The deliverables can be produced in the given time schedule and without any delays. Construction projects involve huge funds and investment. A slight delay in the schedule can cause losses to the client. Hence, the project manager should adopt PRINCE2 method in the contractions of pathway in Mackay region. References Alotaibi, A.B. and Mafimisebi, O.P., 2016. Project Management Practice: Redefining Theoretical Challenges in the 21st Century. Project Management, 7(1). Banihashemi, S., Hosseini, M.R., Golizadeh, H. and Sankaran, S., 2017. Critical success factors (CSFs) for integration of sustainability into construction project management practices in developing countries. International Journal of Project Management. Chari, K. and Agrawal, M., 2017. Impact of incorrect and new requirements on waterfall software project outcomes. Empirical Software Engineering, pp.1-21. Drouin, N., Sankaran, S. and Muller, R., 2016. The nature of organizational project management and its role as an organizational capability. Manageable Cooperation?. Glaiel, F.S., Moulton, A. and Madnick, S.E., 2014. Agile project dynamics: A system dynamics investigation of agile software development methods. Gollenia, L.A., 2016. Business Transformation Management Methodology. Routledge. Guth, D.W. and Marsh, C., 2016. Public relations: A values-driven approach. Pearson Heagney, J., 2016. Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Konstantinou, E. and Mller, R., 2016. The role of philosophy in project management. Project Management Journal, 47(3), pp.3-11 Martens, M.L. and Carvalho, M.M., 2016. The challenge of introducing sustainability into project management function: multiple-case studies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 117, pp.29-40. Nelson, R.R. and Morris, M.G., 2014. IT Project Estimation: Contemporary Practices and Management Guidelines. MIS Quarterly Executive, 13(1). Papke-Shields, K.E. and Boyer-Wright, K.M., 2017. Strategic planning characteristics applied to project management. International Journal of Project Management, 35(2), pp.169-179. Rahmanian, M., 2014. A comparative study on hybrid IT project management. International Journal of Computer and Information Technology, 3(05), pp.1096-1099. Richard, H.A., Sorooshian, S. and Shariman, M., 2016. Lean Construction: An Effective Approach for Project Management. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 11(3), pp.1607-1612. Sears, S.K., Sears, G.A., Clough, R.H., Rounds, J.L. and Segner, R.O., 2015. Construction project management. John Wiley Sons. Verzuh, E., 2015. The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons.